calendar: real occurrence/precedence resolution (feast ranks, sanctoral content)

Replaces the FeastRank placeholder with a real ordered FeastClass (the old
pre-1955 six-level scale) and a new TemporalCategory (privileged/ordinary
Sunday/feria). calendar/commemorations.ts's decideOccurrence encodes the
actual precedence rules as explicit, commented branches per category
rather than the reference engine's own opaque numeric weights — this app
targets one ruleset, so the readability trade-off is worth it. Category
membership (data/calendar/temporal-categories.yml) is a best-effort
reconstruction of the pre-1955 tradition, not sourced from a primary text;
expect corrections.

calendar/feasts.ts resolves real sanctoral candidates, and resolveDay()
wires it all together — occurring/temporalCategory are no longer stubs.
isDoubleOrHigher (hours/antiphon.ts) is now a real comparison instead of
a hardcoded false.

Seeded 7 real saints/feasts, each verified directly against Divinum
Officium's own rank data (not reconstructed from memory) as a small,
growable start: St. Lawrence, the Assumption, St. Augustine, the Nativity
of the BVM, St. Michael, All Saints, the Immaculate Conception.

src/data/calendar/saints/all-saints.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/11-01.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block).
+id: all-saints
+name: "All Saints"
+rank: duplex-1-classis
+common: proper-to-all-saints
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/assumption.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/08-15.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block).
+id: assumption
+name: "The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary"
+rank: duplex-1-classis
+common: common-of-the-bvm
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/example-confessor.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-# PLACEHOLDER — demonstrates the saint-record shape only. Not a real saint,
-# not a real rank, not a real day assignment (see sanctoral-calendar.yml for
-# where this id gets pointed at a day). Which day(s) point here can change
-# freely without ever touching this file.
+# PLACEHOLDER — demonstrates the saint-record shape only, deliberately not
+# mapped to any day in sanctoral-calendar.yml (which now holds real,
+# verified entries — see that file). Not a real saint, not a real rank.
 id: example-confessor
 name: "Example Confessor (placeholder)"
-rank: placeholder # real rank scheme is a milestone 4 decision, not made yet
+rank: simplex # placeholder value
 common: common-of-a-confessor-not-bishop
-propers: null # set to a propers id once/if this saint has a full proper
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/immaculate-conception.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/12-08.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block).
+id: immaculate-conception
+name: "The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary"
+rank: duplex-1-classis
+common: common-of-the-bvm
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/nativity-bvm.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/09-08.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block).
+id: nativity-bvm
+name: "The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary"
+rank: duplex-2-classis
+common: common-of-the-bvm
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/st-augustine.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/08-28.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block — that file's own "(sed rubrica 1930)"
+# alternate raises this to Duplex majus, but 1930 postdates the pre-1910
+# calendar this app targets, so the plain default is used instead.
+id: st-augustine
+name: "St. Augustine of Hippo, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church"
+rank: duplex
+common: common-of-a-confessor-bishop
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/st-lawrence.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/08-10.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block — the pre-1955 value, not the "(sed rubrica
+# 196)" alternate given alongside it in that file).
+id: st-lawrence
+name: "St. Lawrence, Martyr"
+rank: duplex-2-classis
+common: common-of-a-martyr
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/saints/st-michael.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Verified against Divinum Officium (web/www/horas/Latin/Sancti/09-29.txt,
+# untagged/default [Rank] block — that file's own "(sed rubrica tridentina)"
+# alternate gives Duplex II classis instead; the plain default is used here
+# for consistency with how every other saint file in this set was read).
+id: st-michael
+name: "St. Michael the Archangel"
+rank: duplex-1-classis
+common: common-of-an-angel
+propers: null

src/data/calendar/sanctoral-calendar.yml

@@ -5,8 +5,17 @@
 # (data/calendar/saints/<id>.yml) never changes — it's the same record
 # whichever day points at it.
 #
-# PLACEHOLDER: "01-01" -> example-confessor is fake data proving the shape,
-# not a real calendar assignment. Real sanctoral content-authoring
-# (a pre-1910-leaning calendar, per the plan) is a separate task.
+# A small, growable subset, not a full year — see the plan discussion this
+# came out of. Each entry's rank is verified directly against Divinum
+# Officium (see the saint's own file for which one) rather than
+# reconstructed from memory, unlike data/calendar/temporal-categories.yml's
+# privileged-day lists. `example-confessor` is deliberately NOT mapped to
+# any day here — it's fictional, kept only to document the record shape.
 days:
-  "01-01": [example-confessor]
+  "08-10": [st-lawrence]
+  "08-15": [assumption]
+  "08-28": [st-augustine]
+  "09-08": [nativity-bvm]
+  "09-29": [st-michael]
+  "11-01": [all-saints]
+  "12-08": [immaculate-conception]

src/data/calendar/temporal-categories.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# A day's precedence category under the temporal cycle alone, before any
+# sanctoral feast is weighed against it — see calendar/types.ts's
+# TemporalCategory doc comment for why this is coarser than `season`, and
+# calendar/commemorations.ts for how it's actually used (decideOccurrence).
+#
+# RECONSTRUCTED, not verified against a primary source: the two rubric
+# documents actually present in the reference engine
+# (divinum-officium-reference/web/www/horas/Help/Rubrics/) are both later
+# editions (~1960) with a different, renumbered classification than the
+# pre-1955 system this app targets. This is a best-effort reconstruction
+# from general knowledge of that older tradition — expect corrections.
+#
+# `bySeason` gives the default for an ordinary Sunday/feria falling in that
+# season. `offsets`/`offsetRanges` (from Easter, same convention as
+# easter-offsets.yml) and `fixedDates` (MM-DD) override that default for
+# specific privileged ferias that don't line up with a whole season.
+#
+# Known gap: Advent Ember days (Wed/Fri/Sat after Dec 13) and September
+# Ember days (Wed/Fri/Sat near the Exaltation of the Cross, Sept 14) are
+# NOT modeled here — both are fixed-calendar "nearest such-and-such a date"
+# rules, not a plain offset, and weren't worth guessing at without a source.
+# Lent's and Pentecost's Ember days *are* modeled, since those are clean
+# Easter offsets.
+bySeason:
+  advent: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  # Christmastide's ferias are folded into the privileged-feria default for
+  # the whole season as a simplification of "the Octave of Christmas (Dec
+  # 25 - Jan 1) is privileged" — slightly overbroad into Jan 2-5, harmless.
+  christmastide: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: privileged-feria }
+  epiphanytide: { sunday: ordinary-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  septuagesima: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  lent: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  passiontide: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  eastertide: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  ascensiontide: { sunday: ordinary-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  pentecost: { sunday: privileged-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  trinitytide: { sunday: ordinary-sunday, feria: ordinary-feria }
+  # Corpus Christi/Sacred Heart are themselves "feasts of the Lord" that
+  # shouldn't cede to an ordinary saint — modeled here as privileged-feria
+  # (rather than injecting a separate synthetic FeastClass) since with the
+  # small sanctoral calendar this app has, a real clash is unlikely and the
+  # practical effect (temporal wins) is the same either way.
+  corpus-christi: { sunday: ordinary-sunday, feria: privileged-feria }
+  sacred-heart: { sunday: ordinary-sunday, feria: privileged-feria }
+
+offsets:
+  -46: privileged-feria # Ash Wednesday
+  -39: privileged-feria # Lent Ember Wednesday (Wed after 1st Sunday of Lent)
+  -37: privileged-feria # Lent Ember Friday
+  -36: privileged-feria # Lent Ember Saturday
+  48: privileged-feria # Vigil of Pentecost
+
+offsetRanges:
+  - { fromOffset: -6, toOffset: -1, category: privileged-feria } # ferias of Holy Week
+  - { fromOffset: 1, toOffset: 6, category: privileged-feria } # Easter octave
+  - { fromOffset: 50, toOffset: 55, category: privileged-feria } # Pentecost octave (also covers Pentecost's own Ember days)
+
+fixedDates:
+  "12-24": privileged-feria # Vigil of Christmas